第三节：阅读理答题阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项 A、B、C 和 D 中选出较佳选项。(本大题共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，共 10 分)

　　A

　　In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

　　From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’tget to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we s pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.

　　Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At that moment, I decided to do something I had never done in twentyfour years of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.

　　No more angry shouts and no more horns!

　　When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to the other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am

　　weak and doing the best I can.”And everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.

　　Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we’re brave when we’re scared.

　　21.The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ________.

　　A.they offer their help

　　B.they receive others’help

　　C.they feel others’kindness

　　D.they show their weakness

　　22.The author feels sad sometimes because ________.

　　A. he has a soft heart

　　B. he relies much on others

　　C. some people pretend to be kind

　　D. some people fail to see the kindness in others

　　23.What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?

　　A. They sped up to pass.

　　B. They waited with patience.

　　C. They tried their best to help.

　　D. They put on their flashlights too.

　　24.In this passage, the author advises us to ________.

　　A. handle problems by ourselves

　　B. accept help from others

　　C. admit our weakness

　　D. show our bravery

　　25.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

　　A. A Wheelchair Experience.

　　B. Weakness and Kindness.

　　C. Weakness and Strength.

　　D. A Driving Experience.

　　B

　　In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.

　　Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.

　　Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.

　　Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.

　　In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”

　　26. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its________.

　　A.uncertainty and complexityB.misconception and deceptiveness

　　C.logicality and objectivityD.systematicness and regularity

　　27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires________.

　　A. strict inspection B.shared efforts

　　C. individual wisdom D. persistent innovation

　　28.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it________.

　　A. has attracted the attention of the general public

　　B. has been examined by the scientific community

　　C. has received recognition from editors and reviewers

　　D. has been frequently quoted by peer scientists

　　29. Albert Szent-Gyorgyi would most likely agree that________.

　　A. scientific claims will survive challenges B. discoveries today inspire future research

　　C. efforts to make discoveries are justifiedD. scientific work calls for a critical mind

　　30.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?

　　A. Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.

　　B. Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.

　　C. Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.

　　D. Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.